1200 Formative Essay examples - 1861 Words

Sustainable Strategy - from Planning to Implementation M002LON Afren plc’s Management Report Itipat Therdchitpaisarn 6157391 Dr. Jonathan Groucutt Words Count : 1285/1769 Submission Date: 23 MAy 2015 Executive summary The purpose of this report is to identify the key factors that affect in Afren plc in the term of macro and micro environment, and to evaluate company position and strategic direction to make a recommendation to the company. By using PESTEL framework and Porter’s five force to analyze company external factors and SWOT analysis, VRIO framework and TOWS for internal factors that base on The company’s annual reports in years 2013 and 2014. Contents Introduction 1 EXTELNAL ANALYSIS 2 PESTEL Analysis 2†¦show more content†¦Threat of Substitute (LOW) Substitute products in the Porter’s model are referred to products from others industry. In this case, substitute products are the renewable energy sources such as nuclear power, solar power, coal, and wind power, which have high production cost and sunk cost. Therefore, the threat of substitute to Afren is still low. Bargaining Power of Buyers ( HIGH ) As the growth in the shale, oil market is continuously increased the input of oil supplies in the market by 11 per cent, which make an oil price fall cause of overwhelming supply (Meyer,2013).As a result of this, the buyer has more choice to seek a supplier , which has a lower prices and better contract condition. Thus, these forces become a high threat to Afren. Bargaining Power of Supplier (LOW) The main supplier of Afren referred to the oil-rich country in Africa such as Nigeria, which is the main business unit of Afren (Afren plc.,2014). As Nigeria is supportive for foreign investment (Rice, 2014). Rivalry Among the Existing Competitors (HIGH) The international energy agency (IEA) report that global upstream expenditure and development in oil and gas industry has a strong growth by averaging 11 percent per year in 2000 – 2012 andShow MoreRelatedLevel 4 Award in Preparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector (Ptlls - City Guilds 6302)4915 Words   |  20 PagesBrief for Assignment 1: unit 008 (level 4): Roles, responsibilities and relationships in lifelong learning Use the poster template to write an overview of your roles and responsibilities as a teacher within your subject area and context. Word count: 1200 words 1) Summarise key points from the following legislation, regulatory requirements and codes of practice that are relevant to your subject area. †¢ a)The Equality Act 2010 i. What are the ‘protected characteristics’Read More Ceramics of the North and South Coasts Essay1142 Words   |  5 Pagescultures and the Mochica style that evolved out of them. The Mochica civilization flourished for nearly 1000 years and as time passed slight changes in the style could be seen and are chronologically separated into Mochica I-V. The first two are formative phases with lots of experimentation. The third concentrated on a distinctive art style, which continued through the forth and gradually declined in the fifth. They expressed many aspects of their culture and daily life in their ceramics. Things likeRead MoreHourly Rounding Essay2433 Words   |  10 Pageseducation. This greatly improves employee satisfaction and morale. Formative Evaluation Formative Evaluation is the method I will use to determine if hourly rounding does indeed increase productivity (and job satisfaction) of senior nursing students. According to Gallagher (2006), â€Å"[Formative evaluation’s] goals are to find out whether the program is being effective in order to change procedures to increase efficiency† (p. 122). Formative Evaluation will consider the level of which the nurses are comprehendingRead MoreCesar Chavez and the Chicano Civil Rights Movement2910 Words   |  12 PagesChà ¡vez’s firm belief in fasting and non-violent protests were pivotal factors which had an influential effect on the Chicano’s civil rights movement. The formative years of Cà ©sar Chà ¡vez The formative years of Cà ©sar Chà ¡vez contributed significantly to his future role as a civil rights advocate for the Chicanos and other migrant workers. These formative years comprised many experiences which helped to carve and create the principles and identity that Chà ¡vez firmly upheld. These lasting experiences whichRead MoreLesson Plan in Mathematics Iv Bar Graph1886 Words   |  8 Pagesweek we discuss about the â€Å"Parts of a graph† right?Now, who can give me the parts of a bar graph?Now, I have here an example of a bar graph and you are going to study it and answer the questions followed.BOOKS SOLD IN MAY Number of Books Sold 1500 1200 | 900 | 600 | 300 | 0 Science Filipino Math | Subject Question: 1. What is the title of the graph? 2. What is the number scale? 3. What information is on the horizontal axis? 4. What is the label on the vertical axis? 3. MotivationRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Teaching3307 Words   |  14 Pageshear others’ views so problems can be solved together. Constructive feedback will be encouraged and not the use of nasty or negative words. PART E: Compare and contrast: (a) Assessment of learning and assessment for learning (300 – 500 words) (b) Formative assessment and summative assessment (300 – 500 words). Assessment of learning involves the way in which the authority of interest looks at assessment information at the end of each teaching and learning process this for example includes; at the endRead MoreThe Epic of Gilgamesh2440 Words   |  10 Pageshistory . Exodus The Israelites that had been living in Egypt decided to return to Israel due to harsh conditions. The were led in this journey by Moses and this occurred around 1240-1230 BC. The text notes that this event was the most critical formative event in Jewish history. Moses organized all the tribes of Israel and some Canaanites into one group that was bound by a covenant to a god they called Yahweh, in English. This covenant is of course the ten commandments that establish a baseline forRead MoreSample Resume : Bed Foundation Phase2218 Words   |  9 Pagestertiary intuitions there is a process that one needs to follow when it comes to handing in assignments. Question 2 Henning, E., Gravett. S., van Rensburg, W. (2005). Finding your way in Academic Writing. Pretoria: Van Shaik. Leach, N. (2014). Formative computer based assessments to enhance teaching and learning. South African Journal of Education. 28 (3): 1033-1046 Slater, R. (2012). Evaluating Internet Sources. University of Illinois Library website. Available at: http://www.library.illinois.edu/ugl/howdoi/webevalRead MoreCommunity Health Essay4549 Words   |  19 PagesSharon Wiggins Western Governors University ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Community Health C229 ! ! Date Spent ! ! 6/19/15 ! 6/19/15 ! 6/19/15 ! 6/29-7/2 ! 7/11/15 1200-1700 ! 8/30/15 1100-1600 ! 9/4/15 1100-1200 ! ! 9/9-10/15 0800-1700 0800-1200 ! ! Fieldwork Study Activity Location and Contact Time Windshield Survey Dakota County, Minnesota 10 Cultural Survey Dakota County, Minnesota 5 Scavenger Hunt Read MoreExecution of Project Through Generalization and Interpretation3177 Words   |  13 Pagesdeveloping your interpretive objectives. It answers questions such as ‘what do the audience already know about this topic?’ and ‘what are they most interested in?’ This way you can tailor your interpretation to your visitors’ knowledge and interests. Formative evaluation tests visitors’ reactions to trial versions of your interpretation. For example, proofs of leaflets and panels can be tested to see if they attract attention and communicate the right messages. This allows you to change the design or content

Top Advice on English Descriptive Essay Samples

Top Advice on English Descriptive Essay Samples The Pain of English Descriptive Essay Samples You might be interested in adding some details if you require telling something more about your principal object. Whether or not you require descriptive writing examples of an individual, place, or emotion you require a great example to follow. For instance, it is inappropriate to begin the individual's description with discussion of her or his clothes. Thus, in front of a person could change the outside, he's got to change the inside. A Startling Fact about English Descriptive Essay Samples Uncovered Additionally, when you simply have a rough idea of what things to do in the essay, your likelihood of writing the incorrect thing are high. Additionally, a nurse ought to be in the key part to aware the individuals of the society towards fatal and infectious diseases. The most frequently encountered paper writing service that the bulk of our clients require is essay writing. The excess detail really helps us visualize the scene that the author is attempting to create. In addition, a customer may ask the writer to submit part of the job for review and, if needed, ask them to make corrections. The cost of an essay is dependent upon the quantity of effort the writer has to exert. By this time, you probably get the notion that the style choice for your descriptive essay is really open. Inside my experience, descriptive essays are only difficult in regards to deciding just what things to write about. The secret to writing an excellent effectiveA essay is to get the passion to write it. English Descriptive Essay Samples Descriptive essay samples can help you with writing a description of sensory details which are an essential portion of descriptive writing. On our page you may find lots of examples of descriptive writing and several other essays on several topics. Although descriptive essay obviously requires detailed description, it's not essential to thoroughly talk about every part of your subject. A descriptive essay enables a reader to comprehend the essay's subject utilizing illustrative language. Request corrections if you're not happy. If you order the identical topic from other writing agencies, you will surely find unique outcomes. When choosing the topic which you will discuss, you should guarantee you will be fully conscious of the qualities of the subject so that you can easily describe it to readers. The objective of samples is to help you reflect on a certain topic and provide the course which will help you finish your essay. For this reason, you may rest assured of the relevance of the content that you get from us. On the 1 hand, our descriptive essay outline sample will offer you a sense of the crucial sections and portions of a descriptive essay. As you learn to compose a descriptive essay, you will need additionally to master the structure for your essay. A descriptive essay is a brief paper that's about describing or summarizing a topic. As you begin on your descriptive essay its. Essay writing comes in various forms. Persuasion doesn't reflect our stubbornness. Descriptive essay topics could be either easier or more challenging. Writing an essay isn't easy once you don't have sufficient writing skills. A descriptive essay is among the essay examples that will be easily done if you're mindful of the basics of its creation. Descriptive essays about a person are an extremely common kind of descriptive essay too. Statistics is generally regarded among the pillars of information science. Developing a mental image is essential since it defines your capacity to make a good essay. Templates like Descriptive Essay about Office can be beneficial for an individual who's planning to stop by an office. Descriptive writing is easy and tough at the exact same time, especially if you're a freshman. Essays have always been regarded as among the trickiest assignments, but nonetheless, it still is the most frequently used tasks in colleges and universities. When you should consider many peculiarities, it's really hard to consider all of them while writing especially once you have tight deadlines and much work to do. Surprisingly, not many studies have actually tested hypotheses employing quantitative strategies.

Habits of Highly Effective People

Question: Write an essay on 7 Habits of Highly Effective People. Answer: The book 7 Habits of Highly Effective People provide an elaborative overview about human nature. The human changes their habit accordingly with the evolving situation in their personal and professional life. I have witnessed many of these situations in my personal and professional life. This report is explaining several paradigms measuring the habits of human in different situations. I am giving a brief description of the seven habits of human in several situations in this report. Goals and Objectives: The report I have presented here helps the student to be more effective in their professional and personal life as well. The report is describing the seven habits of human for making the student understand more clearly about the principles mentioned in the book for providing guidance about the habits of highly effective people. Character is generally a composite of our habits. Our character is build by developing our thoughts, actions. I can say it more elaborately that, habits are the building block of our character. I have observed many times that, the habits highlight our character unconsciously or consciously. Personality is defined as the specific quality that makes us an individual one in the crowd. Personality is related to the outer appearance of a person, whereas, character highlights internal qualities and behavior. Primary greatness of the people is combined of some features: integrity of values, maturity, and abundance mentality. Secondary greatness is achieved by positive personality and human relations techniques. Paradigm shift plays a great role for the personality development of human being. Paradigm shift introduces the change of mind set of the people while neglecting their own priority and providing importance to the perspectives of others. I have also experienced a paradigm shift in my life: my friend was facing so many problems in his life, he was n family member left with him. Due to this reason he was losing hope for surviving in his life, then one day one teacher of his school told him that dont see the life while thinking about your problems, just think that these are new steps provided by god to bring you higher in your life. This one perception totally changed his vision about life and now he is the most successful person among my group of friends I had in my school. Habits According to the Coveys definition of habit this is the intersection of knowledge, skills and desire. These three elements are mandatory to maintain a habit in life. One habit that I need to develop within the mid-June is: I want to be more punctual in my life. It will provide me more opportunities to develop my personality. According to Covey, the effectiveness is defined as the behavioral sense of human which allows the person to achieve maximum long term growth in his life. The effectiveness enforces the correct mental maps for solving the problems of individual. One example of my life can elaborate this theory very well. I have seen one student who desired to get good marks in his studies. He was trying very hard but not getting any specific results. His focus was less in finding the essential materials which he need for his study and he was giving effort to memorize all the subjects. As the quality of the material was not good, he was not being able to get good marks in his scho ol. Balance Coveys P/PC balance theory states that, the effectiveness in work or achieving something can only be accomplished by balancing the production capability and production of desired results. If any of these elements are missed the result would not be achieved. In my university, the students are trying to achieve good scores in subjects, they have the proper dedication for it, but they are neglecting the guidance provided by their professors. Therefore, though they have capability, lack of sense for choosing the proper guidance is forcing them to be failed. Be proactive: Reactive vs. Proactive According to the theory of Covey, one proactive person does not blame the situation and can easily take the responsibility, whereas, the reactive person get influenced by the physical conditions at a circumstantial situation.Last year I got a chance to study in abroad but I rejected it as I was not feeling convenient for leaving my country. That was my introvert behavior which was forcing me to do this; if I took this as a challenge then it would be beneficial for me. Another example of proactive nature I have observed is that, most of the time my friends used to neglect the classes of one of our professor in my college, only because he took several tests to check our strengths in the subjects. They avoided that challenge, which could make them stronger in the subject. Your circle of influence Development of requirement actionsAccording to the study of coveys theory I have found that I am an proactive individual. The actions I need to take to be proactive are: Prediction: Proactive people does not disturbed by surprises as they know how to predict the events. Prevent: Proactive people dont waste their time while thinking about here and now. To be proactive I must have to plan for future. Participate: Participation in every event makes an individual proactive. I would like to be more predictive in my work filed. It will helps to gain knowledge about the upcoming circumstantial situations and I can easily be prepared for that, which will also boost up my performance. Begin with the End in Mind Begin with the end in mind means that every individual should plan their work with a new beginning every day. The projects, tasks should be started with a clear vision every day. This will provide us the clear goals and our target, what we want to achieve in our life. This aspect strengthens our proactive muscles. Every day I have to face so many challenges in my workplace, but still I begin with an end with each task. At the starting of the day I set my own goals and targets for the day that I have to achieve and start y work, which provide me new strength every time. Development actions: Start with motivation: Begin with the end in mind is nothing but a motivation thought of any individual about his project or task. So any kind of startup requires the motivational aspect. Mission: Begin with the end in mind requires a clarified mission to be followed in the mind. The task or project should possess a proper mission for gaining success.Staying connected with the mission: An individua l should keep the connection with the mission statement of his project or task. It will help the individual to manipulate their aims according to their progress. In my opinion, I would like to start my each work with the new motivational aspect in my mind, which will guide through any kind of difficulties in may work field. Put First things First I tend to operate more in the 1st quadrant. The second quadrant is not urgent but important for me. The third quadrant is urgent but not important for me and the fourth quadrant is not important as well as not important for me. The percentages I would like to provide for the time management of these quadrants are given in the table below: Development actions:Remainders: First thing should be put in first, considers the reminders for keeping in mind the goals of the project and also the aim of the task. Preparation and planning: Recognizing the first thing requires the planning and preparation. We can easily indentify the thing which has the higher priority by proper planning. Prioritizing and controlling: The priority of the task can be analyzed through controlling the tasks and events, which introduces the priorities of the tasks in real life. I would like to focus on the analysis of the priority of tasks or projects. Estimation of the important and urgent tasks is very crucial for making myself successful in my personal and professional life. According the to definition of the emotional bank account provided by Covey, it is defined as the metaphor, which estimates the amount of trust has been build up in a relationship. |I can explain this aspect with an example of my life: I have faced a critical situation in my pe rsonal life, when my best friend has left me for three years. We had bad fight with each other, which forced her to leave me. Though during these three years she realized that the issue for which we had been fighting from three years is not so important than the quality time and facts we have shared and the trust we build among each other. We both realized this issue and ended our fight. Think Win-Win Thinking Win-win is not a quick fix techniques, its a character based code for the human being. According to me, we always think our success in terms of failure of others. We like to judge ourselves while considering the comparison. We think that if some win then we are losing. The Win-win situation sees the situation, where the success is achieved by making both of the parties a winner. This situation seeks to have the benefits from mutual relationship with each other. Development actions: Integrity: It explains the stickiness of thoughts according to the personal value, beliefs and norms.Maturity: It allows the ideas of one person while considering the ideas of other people at a time. Abundance mentality: This aspect explains that there are plenty of options for everyone. Most of the people consider each other either the one is tough or they are nice, whereas, Win-win considers these both. It considers the balance of consideration and courage. Maturity is that stage when one person achieves both the aspect at a time: consideration and courage. Seek first to understand Communication is the most important key skill in professional and personal life. But listening skill is the most effective skill ever introduced to a student in their whole life, for which they can easily understand any kind of situations. Proper listening skill helps the individual to cope with the situations within their organization and school. Development actions: Evaluation: You judge first then take decision for the agreement.Probing: You ask question according to your knowledge base.Advising: You provide advice and solutions for the problems. Some of the situations need autobiographical responses to overcome the problematic situations. When there is high level of trust in between two people the convenient responses solve the situation automatically. Synergize Synergy is defined as single head s not better than two heads. This aspect is all about the creation of the cooperation between two or more individuals. It combines open-mildness and teamwork. If these two aspects are combined with each other then the performance of the group will be increased in huge manner. The interaction between two people makes them more aware of their behavior and nature. They gain insights of each other. Adding the value to differences among each other enforces the synergy. One should see the differences as the strength of individuals and also for the groups. Sharpening the saw Sharpening the saw means that, the preservation and enhancement of the assets we have. Development actions: Physical: Beneficial resting, eating, exercising.Social: Making of social connection with individuals.Mental: Reading, writing and teaching. Spiritual: Connection with the nature.The presence of interest in the above mentioned four areas leads to the change of our life full of growth and happiness. Sharpening the saw makes us more effective in our daily life with satisfying our daily goals. Feeling the life in good manner does not mean having all the essentials in our life, it means keeping the proper balance in our life, which will provide happiness to us. Conclusion This report is elaborating the seven habits of the human, which plays an important role while analyzing the personality and character of the human being. As per my concern, for developing my personality and enrich my character, it is very much important to understand all the habits. My mission is to build up my personality and character in such a way that will benefit me in my professional and personal life. Coveys seven habit shows me way of understanding the impact of several habits in our professional and personal life.

Review of film Titanic by James Cameron

Given the fact that the semiotic significance of a particular movie cannot be discussed outside of the conventions of an affiliated socio-cultural discourse, reflected by the contained themes and motifs, it is fully explainable why it now represents a common practice among critics to refer to cinematographic pieces, as such that often advocate the socially constructed behavioral norms.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Review of film Titanic by James Cameron specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, because Western societies never ceased being stratified along a number of different cultural, social and ethnic lines, there is nothing particularly odd about the fact that many Hollywood films (especially the historical ones) are being concerned with exploring the motif of a socially upheld inequality among people, reflective of the specifics of their gender and class affiliation. The validity of this statement can be well explored in regards to the 1997 film Titanic, directed by James Cameron. After all, in this particular film, the director had made a deliberate point in exposing the existential stances, on the part of Titanic’s passengers, as such that corresponded perfectly well with the concerned people’s social perception of selves. For example, there is a memorable scene in this film, where Jack Dawson (Leonardo DiCaprio) ends up dining with first class passengers on the ship’s upper deck– quite contrary to the fact that, by virtue of being a third class passenger, he was not allowed to even approach close to these people. This, however, should not be perceived as an indication of the first class passengers’ ‘open-mindedness’ – by having Jack invited, they simply wanted to entertain themselves. This is because they expected Jack to prove himself being a rather unsophisticated individual, which in turn would help them to continue enjoy ing their privileged status, as such that has been dialectically predetermined. This, however, was not meant to happen, because while conversing with the moralistically minded ‘rich and powerful’, Jack was able to subtly expose their self-presumed ‘superiority’ being rather incidental, â€Å"Jack: I’ve got everything I need right here with me†¦ Just the other night I was sleeping under a bridge, and now here I am on the grandest ship in the world having champagne with you fine people† (01.00.32). Therefore, there is indeed a good reason in referring to Cameron’s film, as such that promotes a thoroughly humanistic idea that the measure of people’s actual worth has very little to do with what happened the extent of their material well-being.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The same can be said about how this film reflects u pon male-chauvinistic prejudices towards women, which appear to have been shared by not only the film’s many male but also female characters. For example, there is another notable scene in the movie, where Rose’s (Kate Winslet) mother Ruth (Frances Fisher) tries to convince her daughter that she had no other option but to agree marrying Cal Hockley (Billy Zane), despite the fact that there was no even a slightest hint of love between these two characters. According to Ruth, even though that forcing Rose to marry Cal stood in striking contradiction to her daughter’s desire, Rose had no good reason to complain about the situation, because it is fully natural for women to be willing to give in to the external circumstances, â€Å"Of course it’s unfair†¦ We’re women. Our choices are never easy (01.11.00). It is needless to mention, of course, that such Ruth’s point of view has been predetermined by what used be the realities of her patriar chal upbringing. Apparently, ever since her early years, Ruth was endowed with the belief that there was not anything unnatural about women being continually victimized by men. Nevertheless, it would be quite inappropriate to suggest that the philosophical appeal of Cameron’s film is being solely concerned with the fact that, while working on it, the director strived to expose the counterproductive essence of the early 20th century’s class-related and gender-related conventions. This is because, along with advancing the idea that there can be no rationale-based reasons for people to be discriminated against, on the basis of what happened to be the particulars of their biologically/socially defined self-identity, this film also helps viewers to adopt a thoroughly scientific outlook on the representatives of Homo Sapiens species. That is, contrary to what it being assumed by the religious /moralistic individuals, the watching of Cameron’s film leaves very few doub ts, as to the fact that people are essentially primates, who rely predominantly on the workings of their unconscious psyche, when it comes to addressing the life’s most acute challenges. The validity of this suggestion can be well illustrated in regards to the film’s final scenes, in which fashionably dressed gentlemen from the upper deck, try to make their way to the lifeboats, while trampling the bodies of women and children. Because earlier in the film, these men having been shown to treat the same women in a particularly gallant manner, viewers’ exposure to the ‘sinking’ scenes naturally predisposes them to think that the extent of people’s affiliation with the values of a ‘civilized living’ can be best defined rather negligible.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Review of film Titanic by James Cameron specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is because, as it was shown in the Titanic, people’s foremost existential agenda in being solely concerned with the ensuring of their physical survival. Once, they are being put in a life-threatening situation, the considerations of religion, morality and behavioral etiquette, on their part, instantaneously disappear into the thin air, while prompting them to act in a manner, fully consistent with what these people really are, in the biological sense of this word – hairless apes. Therefore, it is quite impossible to agree with Allan Johnson, who promote the idea that the very notion of competitiveness should be regarded ‘inappropriate’, because it reminds emotionally sensitive individuals the politically incorrect truth that there is a ‘monkey’, residing deep inside of them, â€Å"I don’t play Monopoly anymore, mostly because I don’t like the way I behave when I do. When I used to play Monopoly, I’d try to win, even against my own childre n, and I couldn’t resist feeling good when I did (we’re supposed to feel good) even if I also felt guilty about it† (17). It appears that, while coming up with this statement, Johnson remained unaware of the simple fact that one’s ability to compete with others for the limited resources, defines his or her chances of attaining a social prominence. Therefore, prompting people to refrain from behaving in accordance with the basic laws of nature, which endorse competition, cannot result in anything but in reducing the extent of their existential fitness. Therefore, it will only be logical, on our part, to conclude this paper by reinstating once again that the measure of just about film’s educational/philosophical worth should not only be assessed in regards to how this film helps viewers to realize the counterproductive essence of socially upheld prejudices (such as the assumption of women’s ‘inferiority’). In order for a particular movie to be considered enlightening, it also needs to encourage viewers to come to terms with what can be considered the discursive significance of their biological constitution – even if this is being accomplished at the expense of revealing the conceptual fallaciousness of politically correct dogmas. Because the themes and motifs, explored in Cameron’s movie, appear fully consistent with these two provisions, there is indeed a good reason to refer to this particular film thoroughly progressive. Works Cited Johnson, Allan. The Forest and the Trees: Sociology as Life, Practice and  Promise. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1997. Print. Titanic. Ex. Prod. James Cameron. Los Angeles, CA.: 20th Century Fox. 1997. DVD.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on Review of film Titanic by James Cameron was written and submitted by user Hot Ferret to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.